Kenyans generally have three meals in a day—breakfast (kiamsha kinywa), lunch (chakula cha mchana), and supper (chakula cha jioni or simply chajio). [171] Kenya has ratified Convention No. Subsequently, Moi stood for re-election and won a 5th term in 1997. [78], In 1991, Kenya transitioned to a multiparty political system after 26 years of single-party rule. [57], From October 1952 to December 1959, Kenya was in a state of emergency arising from the Mau Mau rebellion against British rule. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); View of Mount Kilimanjaro from Amboseli National Park in southern Kenya. [65] A ceasefire was eventually reached with the signature of the Arusha Memorandum in October 1967, but relative insecurity prevailed through 1969. After independence, Kenya remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution, which began in 1952, and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963. [154] To speed their export, Nairobi airport has a terminal dedicated to the transport of flowers and vegetables.[154]. The increased temperatures, rainfall variability in arid and semi-arid areas, and strong winds associated with tropical cyclones have combined to create favorable conditions for the breeding and migration of pests. Urban radio generally only plays English music, though there also exist a number of vernacular radio stations. The official residence of … [171] The causes of child labour include poverty, the lack of access to education, and weak government institutions. [51], During the railway construction era, there was a significant influx of Indian workers, who provided the bulk of the skilled manpower required for construction. The estimated life expectancy dropped in 2009 to approximately 55 years — five years below the 1990 level. Additionally, Kenya has also been nurturing emerging versatile authors such as Paul Kipchumba (Kipwendui, Kibiwott) who demonstrate a pan-African outlook (see Africa in China's 21st Century: In Search of a Strategy (2017). [citation needed]. As of 2020, Kenya is the third largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa after Nigeria and South Africa. [164] Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves. The Kenyan Highlands are one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa. During the Mesolithic period (thence to c. 10,000 bce), new stone-tool-making techniques evolved, and the use of fire was mastered.. Most qualified students who miss out opt for middle-level diploma programs in public or private universities, colleges, and polytechnics. Letter to the Editor. The Constitution of Kenya 3 P art 2—r iGhts and f undamental f reedoms 26—Right to life. In March 2004, the three East African countries signed a Customs Union Agreement. The two official languages, English and Swahili, are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations. Kenya is facing a pronounced economic slowdown and an urgent balance of payments need owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. They also participated in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. [35] The Bantus originated in West Africa along the Benue River in what is now eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. [26], East Africa, including Kenya, is one of the earliest regions where modern humans (Homo sapiens) are believed to have lived. Operation Anvil opened on 24 April 1954, after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council. Kenya's GDP had increased at a rate of 6.6 per cent a year, higher than the population growth rate of more than 3 per cent. In 2019, the nation placed 137th out of 180 countries in the index, with a score of 28 out of 100. Constituencies are an electoral subdivision, with each county comprising a whole number of constituencies. Exactly 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic under the name "Republic of Kenya". Githeri is a common lunchtime dish in many households, while Ugali with vegetables, sour milk (mursik), meat, fish, or any other stew is generally eaten by much of the population for lunch or supper. [19], The Republic of Kenya is named after Mount Kenya. Locations often coincide with electoral wards. Kenya's largest National Park is Tsavo, which is in fact made up of two Parks-Tsavo East and Tsavo West. Horticultural produce and tea are the main growth sectors and the two most valuable of all of Kenya's exports. [95] This ruling solidified the position of the Supreme Court as an independent body. Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony, which began in 1920. [207] A colonial order of gender emerged where males dominated females. Most belong to two broad language families: Niger-Congo (Bantu branch) and Nilo-Saharan (Nilotic branch), spoken by the country's Bantu and Nilotic populations respectively. [181], Kenya has a diverse population that includes many of the major ethnoracial and linguistic groups found in Africa. Throughout World War II, Kenya was an important source of manpower and agriculture for the United Kingdom. The Isukuti is a vigorous dance performed by the Luhya sub-tribes to the beat of a traditional drum called the Isukuti during many occasions such as the birth of a child, marriage, or funeral. Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability. [52], To chase von Lettow, the British deployed the British Indian Army troops from India but needed large numbers of porters to overcome the formidable logistics of transporting supplies far into the interior on foot. The Republic of Kenya's national animal is the Lion, which teeters on the brink of extinction due to widespread deforestation. In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. Kenya is a compact state with many smaller cultural sub-divided states within. Traditional healers (herbalists, witch doctors, and faith healers) are readily available, trusted, and widely consulted as practitioners of first or last choice by both rural and urban dwellers. Legislative power is vested exclusively in Parliament. In the 17th century, the Swahili coast was conquered and came under the direct rule of the Omani Arabs, who expanded the slave trade to meet the demands of plantations in Oman and Zanzibar. As a result, preparations began for all elective seats in parliament as well as the president. [96] Consequently, Kenya had a second round of elections for the presidential position, in which Uhuru emerged the winner after Raila refused to participate, citing irregularities. READOUT OF USAID ACTING ADMINISTRATOR JOHN BARSA’S TRAVEL TO THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA Readout For Immediate Release Tuesday, October 6, 2020 Office of Press Relations Email: press@usaid.gov The following is attributable to Acting Spokesperson Pooja Jhunjhunwala: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Acting Administrator John Barsa traveled to the Republic of Kenya … [123], The British Army Training Unit Kenya (BATUK) is used for the training of British infantry battalions in the arid and rugged terrain of the Great Rift Valley.[124][125]. [224][225][226] Kenya was once also a regional powerhouse in football. Agriculture and Technology. Uhuru Kenyatta won in a disputed election result, leading to a petition by the opposition leader, Raila Odinga. [231] There are also many fish-and-chips shops. The Kenyatta family also heavily invested in the coastal hotel business, with Kenyatta personally owning the Leonard Beach Hotel. [232], Cheese is becoming more popular in Kenya, with consumption increasing particularly among the middle class. [2] The Presbyterian Church of East Africa has 3 million followers in Kenya and surrounding countries. Nairobi has hosted several major continental sports events, including the FIBA Africa Championship 1993, where Kenya's national basketball team finished in the top four, its best performance to date.[229]. Kenya, call it Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga in Kikuyu, while the Embu call it "Kirenyaa". [228] It was a part of the World Rally Championship for many years until its exclusion after the 2002 event owing to financial difficulties. [216] The Kenyan Ministry of Sports has tried to stop the defections, but they have continued anyway, with Bernard Lagat being the latest, choosing to represent the United States. It was quickly suppressed by forces commanded by Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, a veteran Somali military official. Ambrose, S.H. "[137], In November 2008, WikiLeaks brought wide international attention[138] to The Cry of Blood report, which documents the extrajudicial killing of gangsters by the Kenyan police. (eds. The Carrier Corps was formed and ultimately mobilised over 400,000 Africans, contributing to their long-term politicisation. [119] Kenya is one of the most pro-American nations in Africa, and the wider world. [153], Kenya is the world's 3rd largest exporter of cut flowers. [27][28][29], The first inhabitants of present-day Kenya were hunter-gatherer groups, akin to the modern Khoisan speakers. : +972 – … [17] Agriculture is the largest sector: tea and coffee are traditional cash crops, while fresh flowers are a fast-growing export. P. 762, HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper.". Irrigation is carried out on individual or on group farms averaging 0.1–0.4 ha. [63][64] In this way, Kenya became an independent country under the Kenya Independence Act 1963 of the United Kingdom. The dormant volcano is located in Tanzania. On 28 October 1992, president Moi dissolved parliament, five months before the end of his term. Kenya has a more developed financial services sector than its neighbours. However, this party was plagued with disagreements. Lyrics are most often in Kiswahili or English. The Supreme Court overturned the election results in what became a landmark ruling in Africa and one of the very few in the world in which the results of a presidential elections were annulled. Because the operations of the armed forces have been traditionally cloaked by the ubiquitous blanket of "state security", the corruption has been hidden from public view, and thus less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety. To protect their interests, the settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax, and the landless were granted less and less land in exchange for their labour. Locations are usually named after their central villages/towns. [76][clarification needed], The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system, where voters were supposed to line up behind their favoured candidates instead of casting a secret ballot. The elections were scheduled to take place on 7 December 1992, but delays led to its postponement to 29 December the same year. They utilise high technology and produce high-value crops for the export market, especially flowers and vegetables. (The post of prime minister was abolished in 1964, reestablished in 2008, and abolished again in 2010.) In 2005, Kenyans rejected a plan to replace the 1963 independence constitution with a new one. Beginning in 1998, Moi attempted to influence the country's succession politics to have Uhuru Kenyatta elected in the upcoming 2002 elections. There are an estimated 47 different communities, with Bantus (60%) and Nilotes (30%) constituting the majority of local residents. Section of the peaks of Mount Kenya, highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa, after Kilimanjaro. Islam is the second largest religion, comprising 10.9% of the population. [30], Around 500 BC, Nilotic-speaking pastoralists (ancestral to Kenya's Nilotic speakers) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya. Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria. Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorization of an Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Kenya, ICC-01/09, International Criminal Court (ICC), 31 … [141] In 2017, Kenya ranked 92nd in the World Bank ease of doing business rating from 113rd in 2016 (of 190 countries). The British began counter-insurgency operations. They are renowned for their elaborate upper-body adornment and jewellery. The Republic of Kenya is ranked 180,485 th in the world and 5,235 th in Osiris for Largest Gambling Industry, scoring -4.29 on the Kelly Criterion Productivity Index. Evidence was found in 2018, dating to about 320,000 years ago, at the Kenyan site of Olorgesailie, of the early emergence of modern behaviours including: long-distance trade networks (involving goods such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points. Kenya has a number of media outlets that broadcast domestically and globally. Foreign-rooted populations include Somalis (from Somalia), Arabs, Asians, and Europeans. The 200-page Action Plan, developed with support from the Climate & Development Knowledge Network, sets out the Government of Kenya's vision for a 'low-carbon climate resilient development pathway'. Kenya is represented by Lucas Onyango as a professional rugby league player who plays with the English club Oldham. The president, who is the head of state and head of government, is popularly elected for a five-year term and is eligible for a second term. English is widely spoken in commerce, schooling, and government. This led to increased economic growth of the Swahili states, the introduction of Islam, Arabic influences on the Swahili Bantu language, cultural diffusion, as well as the Swahili city-states becoming members of a larger trade network. Kenya, country in East Africa famed for its scenic landscapes and vast wildlife preserves. [204] Maternal mortality is high, partly because of female genital mutilation,[143] with about 27% of women having undergone it. The official name was changed to the Colony of Kenya in 1920. In the report, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) reported these in their key finding "e)", stating that the forced disappearances and extrajudicial killings appeared to be official policy sanctioned by the political leadership and the police.[139][140]. Kenyan athletes (particularly Kalenjin), continue to dominate the world of distance running, although competition from Morocco and Ethiopia has reduced this supremacy. For those who proceed to the secondary level, there is a national examination at the end of Form Four – the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), which determines those proceeding to the universities, other professional training, or employment. [143] This changed immediately after the disputed presidential election of December 2007, following the chaos which engulfed the country. [51], During the early part of the 20th century, the interior central highlands were settled by British and other European farmers, who became wealthy farming coffee and tea. Kenya is divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties that are headed by governors. There are also a number of local hip-hop artists, including Jua Cali; Afro-pop bands such as Sauti Sol; and musicians who play local genres like Benga, such as Akothee. Nonreligious Kenyans make up 1.6% of the population. To become energy sufficient, Kenya has installed wind power and solar power (over 300 MW each), and aims to build a nuclear power plant by 2027. Kenia. The Kenya Defence Forces are the armed forces of the Republic of Kenya. Kenya ranks poorly on the Fragile States Index at number 25 out of 178 countries, ranked in 2019, and is placed in the ALERT category. Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics: six gold, four silver, and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics. The rainfall is sometimes heavy and often falls in the afternoons and evenings. [214], Kenya has a diverse assortment of popular music forms, in addition to multiple types of folk music based on the variety of over 40 regional languages.[215]. [25] An 1882 map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya’s economy was performing well prior to the global shock with accelerating growth, contained inflation and current account deficits, and a resumption of fiscal adjustment to tackle rising public debt vulnerabilities.